Lawmakers in South Carolina passed an abortion ban while a judge in Montana was weighing restrictions there in the latest developments in the shifting landscape of law since the U.S. Supreme Court last year overturned Roe v. Wade and the nationwide right to abortion.

Here's what to know.

BACK TO THE SENATE IN SOUTH CAROLINA

In conservative South Carolina, Republicans have been butting heads — sometimes dramatically — on how far to go with abortion bans.

The state Senate on Tuesday passed the latest effort to impose a ban on abortion after about six weeks of pregnancy, before many women know they're pregnant. The vote sent the bill to the governor, who has promised to sign it.

The three Republican women in the Senate joined all Democrats in voting against the bill. The House approved the ban last week, after an earlier effort narrowly fell short on procedural votes.

Lawmakers in conservative-dominated Nebraska have taken a similar path, with intraparty disputes until a 12-week ban was passed last week as part of a bill that would also ban gender-affirming care for those under 19. Republican Gov. Jim Pillen signed the bill Monday, and the abortion restrictions took effect immediately.

COURTS STEP IN AGAIN IN MONTANA

Montana Republican Gov. Greg Gianforte signed a ban last week on dilation and evacuation abortions, which are normally performed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Within days, a judge temporarily blocked enforcement of the ban. On Tuesday, the judge issued a preliminary injunction, which blocks the law while the case moves its way through the courts.

The judge on Tuesday also granted to preliminary injunctions to one rule and several other laws.

The rule and one of the laws require prior authorization before Montana's Medicaid will pay for abortions. Another law says public funds cannot be used to pay for most abortions. And another requires an ultrasound before performing an abortion, which opponents say effectively blocks telehealth medication abortions in the state.

Those are not the only abortion restrictions in the state before the courts.

Montana in 2021 adopted a broader ban on abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy, but the state Supreme Court ruled that it will not enforce it pending a court challenge. That left some abortions legal until viability, around the 24th week.

GROUPS REACT TO SHIFTING TERRAIN

Planned Parenthood and Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America, groups on opposite sides of the abortion policy debates, both announced initiatives Tuesday.

The national Planned Parenthood group, a federation of regional organizations that share the name and provide abortion care, sexually transmitted infection tests, cancer screenings and other health services, announced a strategy shift. It is laying off 10% to 15% of its national staff and sending more money to its affiliates. The plan is to improve health equity for Black people and to bolster services both in states with bans and those that are serving more abortion-seeking patients traveling from places with bans.

The group's political arm also expects to focus on state politics.

Susan B. Anthony, a major opponent of abortion, announced it's working with Kellyanne Conway, a former adviser to President Donald Trump, to "get pro-life candidates on offense in the 2024 election cycle."

Last year, abortion access advocates prevailed on all six abortion-related statewide ballot initiatives in the U.S.

PURPLE STATE POLICY

Since the Supreme Court's Dobbs ruling, tighter abortion restrictions have been enacted in most Republican-controlled states and protections of abortion access have gone into effect in most that are dominated by Democrats.

In the 11 states where government control is divided between Republicans and Democrats, the story has not been so uniform. Virginia has kept its status quo, for instance, while Vermont has adopted a constitutional amendment to preserve abortion access and Louisiana and Kentucky have bans in place.

Video below: North Carolina GOP overrides veto of 12-week abortion limit

Change came quickly in North Carolina in April when one state lawmaker flipped from Democrat to Republican, giving the GOP enough votes to override gubernatorial vetoes.

Lawmakers promptly passed a ban that's less restrictive than most — allowing abortion for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper vetoed it. But lawmakers on May 16 overrode that veto, so the ban will take effect July 1.

The new law includes several other provisions that medical experts have criticized, including more medical and paperwork requirements for physicians, new licensing requirements for abortion clinics and increasing how many times patients must make an in-person visit to a physician ahead of obtaining the abortion pill.

COURT ARGUMENTS ON AN ABORTION PILL

Most of the legal battles on abortion since the Dobbs decision in 2022 have centered on whether individual state constitutions protect the right to abortion.

But at least one lawsuit has implications nationally.

An anti-abortion group sued seeking to rescind the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2000 approval of mifepristone, one of two drugs used in combination in most medication-induced abortions in the U.S.

A federal judge in Texas agreed. The New Orleans-based 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments last week. In the meantime, the U.S. Supreme Court has said that mifepristone can remain on the market. It is already barred from being used in abortions, with some exceptions, in states with bans in place.

It's not clear when the appeals court will rule. The case is expected to return to the nation's top court eventually. The Texas-based case could be merged with one in Washington, where another federal judge ruled last month that mifepristone restrictions cannot be rolled back in a group of Democrat-led states that filed lawsuits.

THE TALLY

Fourteen states currently have bans on abortion at all stages of pregnancy, one when cardiac activity can be detected around six weeks, and three at 12 to 15 weeks. Of those 17 states with the tightest restrictions, 12 do not have exceptions in cases of rape or incest. They all have exceptions to save the life of the woman in at least some circumstances.

Video below: Nebraska's governor signed abortions and transgender youth restrictions into law

At least six states have bans that courts have paused.

One more state, North Carolina, has a ban after 12 weeks of pregnancy that doesn't take effect until July 1.

The abortion bans also apply to prescribing pills to induce abortions. But only in South Carolina and Texas is it illegal to self-manage abortions.

Thanks to candid conversations from influencers like entrepreneur Anna Victoria and public figures like Senator Tammy Duckworth and former first lady Michelle Obama, the concept of using in vitro fertilization or IVF to achieve pregnancy is becoming more of an open conversation.

According to the latest data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, or SART, 77,256 babies in the U.S. were born via assisted reproductive technologies in 2019, increasing more than 2600 from the year before.

Here’s how it works fundamentally: during IVF, mature eggs are united with sperm in a lab. At some point, those fertilized embryos are then transferred to the uterus in hopes of producing a pregnancy.

The technology has opened up new possibilities for families — but it's not without its issues.

A recent mixup turned the now common practice into a nightmare for one couple when their fertilized embryo was swapped and inserted into the uterus of another patient.

“We never even knew that something like this could happen," said Alex Cardinale. "It wasn't even on our radar. How could this happen? But now we realize that the fertility industry is a mess."

Dr. Emily Jungheim, a professor at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, says occurrences like these are rare. But the growing trend of freezing embryos for future use can increase the potential for mix-ups.

“When you think about the inventory and the attention to detail and how careful you need to be due to the risk of having all of those things in storage, you could imagine how these types of things could happen," Jungheim said.

The industry has been called out before for lack of federal regulations. But it isn’t completely void of oversight.

For nearly two decades, clinics have been bound by the Fertility Success Rate and Certification Act, which requires embryo labs to be certified by an approved non-federal program. It also requires clinics to report their success rates.

The FDA also binds clinics for matters of drug and device safety.

But federal oversight of the industry as a whole doesn’t exist. Instead, it’s more self-regulation where some clinics work to meet the guidelines set by the non-profit, SART.

SART members must follow industry standards created in part by SART and a group of their peers from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. They are also monitored to ensure things like honesty in marketing and advertising.

According to SART, as of 2018, 86% of IVF clinics were members of their organization.

Still, mistakes can happen. Jungheim says there are ways patients can be their own best advocates.

“What is the certification of the physician that I'm working with there?" She said. "Are they board certified in reproductive endocrinology and infertility? Do I have friends who've gone there who feel strongly about their docs and comfortable with them?”

She also says incidents like this can cause doctors and labs to ask vital questions and make changes for the better.

Amber Strong at Newsy first reported this.