Federal prosecutors rested their case Monday against three former Minneapolis police officers charged with violating George Floyd’s civil rights, after a contentious day of trial that included testimony a use-of-force expert and from the teenager who recorded widely seen video of Floyd's killing.Darnella Frazier, who was 16 when Floyd was killed, testified that she knew Floyd needed medical care when he became unresponsive. She said: "Over time, he kind of just became weaker and eventually just stopped making sounds overall."J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao are charged with violating Floyd’s constitutional rights while acting under government authority. All three are accused of depriving Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man, of medical care while he was handcuffed, facedown as Officer Derek Chauvin pressed his knee onto Floyd’s neck for 9 1/2 minutes. Kueng knelt on Floyd’s back and Lane held down his legs while Thao kept bystanders back.Kueng and Thao are also accused of failing to intervene to stop the May 25, 2020, killing, which triggered protests worldwide and a reexamination of racism and policing. The charges allege that the officers’ actions resulted in Floyd’s death.The prosecution rested after nearly three weeks of testimony from bystanders, doctors, police officers and others. Their last witness was Frazier, who is now 18.Moments after she took the stand, Frazier began crying, saying: "I can’t do it. I’m sorry." The judge, who has been trying to keep emotional testimony out of the trial, took a short break before resuming. When Frazier came back, she talked witnessing Floyd on the ground with Chauvin's knee on his neck."It looked like he was very uncomfortable and he kept saying, `I can’t breathe,'" she said, adding that Thao looked like he was protecting and patrolling the area. When prosecutor LeeAnn Bell asked what it appeared to her that Thao might need to protect. She said Floyd "was the only one who needed protection at that moment."She added: "I didn’t see George Floyd resist at all. The only thing I saw him do was really try to find comfort in his situation … try to breathe and get more oxygen."Earlier Monday, a use-of-force expert testified that the three former Minneapolis police officers should have intervened. The testimony from Tim Longo, the police chief at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, was peppered with emphatic objections, numerous warnings from the judge that the information was repetitive, and combative cross-examination.Lane’s attorney, Earl Gray, challenged Longo on whether he was asserting that "my client, a four-day veteran" should have thrown Chauvin off Floyd. Both Kueng and Lane were just a few days into their jobs as full-fledged officers."I think someone should have done something, yes," Longo replied.Gray continued, thundering, "What else should they have done besides that?""No one asked Chauvin to get his knee off his neck," Longo said after a little more discussion.Longo testified earlier that an officer has a duty to take "affirmative steps" to stop another officer from using excessive force."The term ‘intervene’ is a verb, it’s an action word. And it requires an act. And what you do is, you stop the behavior," he said.When it comes to a duty to provide medical aid, he said, Thao "didn't do anything" and Kueng took no further action after checking Floyd's pulse, and finding none.Longo said that when Lane gave chest compressions to Floyd in an ambulance, he was fulfilling his duty to provide medical aid. But, he said, that does not apply to what happened before that point, when no aid was given.Thao's attorney, Thomas Plunkett, suggested that Longo reviewed only materials that prosecutors "cherry picked" for him and didn’t look further. He pressed a defense theme that the Minneapolis Police Department bears responsibility for Floyd's killing for training its officers poorly.Plunkett played part of a training presentation that showed violent confrontations between officers and subjects, with audio of a locker room speech given by actor Al Pacino, playing a coach in the 1999 football movie "Any Given Sunday," exhorting his players to fight "inch by inch" because it will make the difference between winning and losing — and living and dying.Plunkett said the video is the last thing recruits see in their use-of-force training and asked if it was consistent with accepted police policies and practices. Longo replied that he found the video "very disturbing," because of its images of people dying and getting hurt, but that he didn't know the context in which it was presented.Prosecutors began presenting their case on Jan. 24. Defense attorneys are expected to start presenting witnesses Tuesday.Before court ended for the day Monday, Thao and Kueng told the judge that they plan to testify. Lane’s attorney, Earl Gray, told the jury earlier that Lane would also be taking the stand, but on Monday, Gray said he and Lane would like to talk it over more before making a decision.Chauvin, who is white, was convicted of murder and manslaughter in state court last year and later pleaded guilty to a federal civil rights charge.Lane, who is white; Kueng, who is Black; and Thao, who is Hmong American, also face a separate state trial in June on charges alleging that they aided and abetted murder and manslaughter.

A Minneapolis police officer who oversaw medical training for two of the three former officers charged with violating George Floyd's civil rights testified Tuesday that the officers were trained to give CPR as soon as they fail to find a pulse on someone.Officer Nicole Mackenzie, the department’s medical support coordinator, took the stand for a second day in the federal trial of J. Alexander Kung, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao. She testified Monday that Kueng and Lane were in a police academy “emergency medical responder” class that she taught, which covered first aid, ethics in care and how to hand people off to paramedics. On Tuesday, Mackenzie also discussed the refresher training that experienced officers get, including Thao.“If you can’t detect a pulse after about 10 seconds, then you should begin CPR,” Mackenzie testified.Lane and Kueng were rookies, just a few days out of field training, when they were dispatched to a call alleging that Floyd had tried to pass a counterfeit $20 bill at a neighborhood market in May 2020. They were soon joined by two more experienced officers, Derek Chauvin and Thao, and the ensuing confrontation led to Floyd's death.Kueng, Lane and Thao are accused of depriving Floyd, 46, of his rights when they failed to give him medical aid as Chauvin knelt on the Black man’s neck for 9 1/2 minutes as Floyd was handcuffed, facedown. Kueng and Thao are also accused of failing to intervene in the killing, which triggered protests worldwide and a reexamination of racism and policing.A lung specialist testified Monday that Floyd could have been saved if the officers had moved him into a position in which he could breathe more easily, and that his chances of survival would have "doubled or tripled” if they had performed CPR as soon as his heart stopped.Mackenzie testified Monday that cadets are taught on their first day about the need to roll subjects into the “side recovery position” so they can breathe instead of keeping them prone on their stomachs. Their first day also would have included training on ethics, she said, including how responders have a duty of care to people in medical emergencies. She went through excerpts from a textbook that she said they would have been required to read before class.On Tuesday, Mackenzie testified that it's been the standard, “as long as I’ve been around" that officers are supposed to call for an ambulance and being CPR right away if they can't find a pulse. She said they're told not to wait even if an ambulance is already on the way.Previous testimony has established that Chauvin told his fellow officers after Floyd became unresponsive and they couldn't find a pulse to wait for an ambulance that was on its way. Officers kept restraining Floyd until the ambulance got there, according to testimony and video footage.Slaughter played a portion of Lane’s body camera video in which a handcuffed Floyd, prone on his stomach, repeatedly complains, “I can’t breathe.” Mackenzie said what she saw and heard was “inconsistent” with what Kueng and Lane were trained to do and with departmental policies. She said they should have stood or sat Floyd up or rolled him onto his side.She also said officers are never taught that someone who can talk can breathe, as one of the officers is heard suggesting.Mackenzie also said what she saw and heard of Thao's actions when reviewing his body camera video were “inconsistent” with officers’ training because she saw no efforts to render aid.Kueng, who is Black, Lane, who is white, and Thao, who is Hmong American, are charged with willfully depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights while acting under government authority. The charges allege that the officers’ actions resulted in Floyd’s death.Chauvin, who is white, was convicted of murder and manslaughter in state court last year and was sentenced to 22 1/2 years. He pleaded guilty in December to a federal civil rights charge.Lane, Kueng and Thao also face a separate state trial in June on charges alleging that they aided and abetted murder and manslaughter.

First it was a paramedic, testifying that the officers who restrained George Floyd didn't call in critical information as his ambulance rushed to the scene where Floyd would soon be pronounced dead. Then it was an off-duty firefighter, recounting her frustration that Floyd obviously "needed help and wasn't getting it."Federal prosecutors building their case against three Minneapolis police officers on trial on charges accusing them of violating Floyd's civil rights turned Wednesday to a pair of witnesses who testified last year at Derek Chauvin's trial in which he was convicted of state murder and manslaughter charges.Genevieve Hansen, a Minneapolis firefighter, was on a walk when she came across Chauvin and Officers J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao. Hansen said she could see Floyd's head being pressed onto the street under Chauvin's knee as other officers helped hold him down."It was just alarming, the amount of people that were on top of one person not moving and handcuffed," said Hansen, who said she is a trained emergency medical technician. She acknowledged that she got louder and began swearing because Floyd "needed help and he wasn't getting it."Kueng, Lane and Thao are accused of depriving Floyd of his civil rights while acting under government authority in the killing that triggered worldwide protests and a reexamination of racism and policing. Their trial resumes Thursday with more testimony. Chauvin pleaded guilty in December to a federal civil rights charge.Hansen said she asked Thao — who kept bystanders from intervening — to check Floyd's pulse. Kueng knelt on Floyd's back and Lane held his legs, according to prosecutors. Hansen testified that Thao told her something to the effect of, if she were a firefighter, she would know better than to get involved.Robert Paule, an attorney for Thao, responded by showing Hansen a transcript of an FBI interview in which she said that she wasn't sure that Thao had any idea what was going on with Floyd and the other officers, who were behind him.Assistant U.S. Attorney Manda Sertich sought to show jurors that responding paramedics were not given important information, and that Floyd should have been given medical attention immediately.Paramedic Derek Smith testified that he wasn't told Floyd wasn't breathing and had no pulse when officers upgraded the urgency of an ambulance call. Smith said that after he arrived, he could not find a pulse in Floyd's neck and that his pupils were large, indicating he "was probably deceased." On video footage from Lane's body camera played for jurors, Smith asked Lane what happened. Lane recounted the officers' response to a 911 call that Floyd tried to use a counterfeit $20 bill at a corner store, and a struggle as Floyd kicked his way out of a squad car. He said officers were "just basically restraining him until you guys got here." Lane said nothing about Floyd's medical condition.Smith agreed with Sertich that CPR should have been started as soon as possible — something the officers were trained to do. Paramedics put Floyd in the ambulance and took him to another location to be treated.Lane's attorney, Earl Gray, asked whether Lane was helpful by getting into the ambulance and trying to revive Floyd, including squeezing an air bag to try to ventilate Floyd's lungs. "In my opinion, he was helpful, yes," Smith said.Paule, Thao's attorney, got Smith to say that he would have not taken Floyd to another location to work on him if it weren't for the bystanders.Smith also acknowledged that he was concerned that Floyd might have been in a state of "excited delirium" — a disputed condition in which someone is described as having extraordinary strength, often after taking drugs, having a mental health episode or other health problem. There is no universally accepted definition of excited delirium and researchers have said it's not well understood. One 2020 study concluded it is mostly cited as a cause of death when the person was restrained.Later, Minneapolis Fire Department Capt. Jeremy Norton — who arrived after paramedics had moved Floyd — testified that his department would have started CPR on the scene, and that providing care as early as possible would have been the best chance to save Floyd. A 911 dispatcher testified Tuesday that she would have sent the Fire Department instead of an ambulance if she had known Floyd wasn't breathing because they could have gotten there faster.Kueng, who is Black; Lane, who is white; and Thao, who is Hmong American, all are charged for failing to provide Floyd with medical care, while Thao and Kueng face an additional count for failing to stop Chauvin, who is white. Both counts allege the officers' actions resulted in Floyd's death.U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson has said the trial could last four weeks. Lane, Kueng and Thao also face a separate state trial in June on charges they aided and abetted murder and manslaughter. ___Webber contributed from Fenton, Michigan.

A bystander who feared George Floyd would die under the knee of former Minneapolis police Officer Derek Chauvin wept on the stand Tuesday at the federal civil rights trial of three other officers, as prosecutors attempted to show that even people without medical training knew Floyd needed help.Footage shown to the jury showed Floyd struggling with officers as they try to put him in a police vehicle, officers holding the handcuffed man facedown on the ground and the 46-year-old Black man gasping for air as a growing group of onlookers warned that Chauvin was killing him. Former Officers J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao are broadly charged with depriving Floyd of his civil rights while acting under government authority.Floyd died after Chauvin knelt on his neck for 9 1/2 minutes. Kueng knelt on Floyd's back, Lane held his legs and Thao kept bystanders back, according to prosecutors. The May 25, 2020, killing triggered worldwide protests and a reexamination of racism and policing.Kueng, who is Black; Lane, who is white; and Thao, who is Hmong American, had basic medical training and are all are charged for failing to provide Floyd with medical care. Thao and Kueng face an additional count for failing to stop Chauvin, who is white. Both counts allege the officers' actions resulted in Floyd's death. Chauvin was convicted of state murder and manslaughter charges last year and pleaded guilty to a federal civil rights violation.Charles McMillian wept as prosecutors played a video in which McMillian pleads with officers to let Floyd breathe, prompting a warning from the judge that prosecutors were to avoid eliciting emotional responses."I knew something bad was going to happen to Mr. Floyd," McMillian testified."What did you mean by that?" prosecutor Allen Slaughter asked."That he was gonna die," McMillian responded.When questioned by defense attorneys, McMillian acknowledged he did not see or hear several things, including Lane asking if Floyd should be rolled onto his side and later doing chest compressions, and Kueng saying that he couldn't find a pulse."You could only see or hear things from your perspective, is that correct?" Tom Plunkett, Kueng's attorney, asked.McMillian agreed.McMillian, like most witnesses who took the stand Tuesday, also testified at Chauvin's state trial last year.The footage shown to jurors included police body camera video, surveillance video and widely viewed bystander video that also was played during that trial. At least one juror on Tuesday appeared to be dabbing her eyes as she watched footage showing Floyd struggle with police and crying, "I can't breathe," while bystanders shouted at the officers. Police had responded to a 911 call that Floyd tried to use a counterfeit $20 bill to buy a pack of cigarettes at a corner store.Jenna Scurry, a 911 dispatcher, testified that after Lane and Kueng responded, she called for backup for them. They then called for an ambulance without lights and sirens, for a mouth injury, because Floyd was bleeding. More than a minute later, Chauvin and Thao upgraded that request to have the ambulance come with lights and sirens. But Scurry said she was not told that Floyd wasn't breathing, had no pulse and was unresponsive.If she had known someone was having trouble breathing, Scurry testified, she would have also called the fire department, because "they can get there faster sometimes. ... They can be almost anywhere within four minutes."Earlier, prosecutors played video from Thao's body camera that showed him pushing an onlooker. The cashier who had taken the counterfeit bill, Christopher Martin, 20, testified that he had recorded about 30 seconds of video as bystanders were yelling at Thao to check Floyd's pulse, but stopped when Thao pushed the other man. Martin said he didn't have a good view of Kueng or Lane.While cross-examining Martin, Thao's attorney, Robert Paule, noted that Thao put his hand up before pushing the man, and that the man didn't listen to Thao's direction to get back on the curb. Paule said that when Thao pushed the man, he swatted Thao's hand away.U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson has said the trial could last four weeks. Lane's attorney has said his client will testify, but it's not known if Thao or Kueng will. It's also not clear whether Chauvin will testify, though many experts who spoke to The Associated Press believe he won't.Lane, Kueng and Thao also face a separate state trial in June on charges they aided and abetted both murder and manslaughter. ___Webber contributed from Fenton, Michigan.