EVANSTON, IL — About 3.8 million concussions occur in the U.S. each year due to sports-related injuries.

Taking a hit to the noggin could knock your lights out. Experts say while helmets can protect the skull from fracturing, more protection is needed.

“There is no concussion-proof helmet. They can't prevent concussion,” said NorthShore University Medical Center neurosurgeon Dr. Julian Bailes, a former team doctor for the Pittsburgh Steelers and an expert on concussions and head injuries.

“The human brain floats inside the skull,” he said. “So, when a person or a helmeted head suddenly hits another or the ground or some object, the brain can still shift.”

He says it’s that sudden jerking of the head that causes the brain to rattle around inside the skull.

“It's called brain skull decoupling. It's not one unit. It's separated and that can lead to major injury. It can lead to concussion,” said Dr. Bailes.

“I've had two in the past, and both were relatively mild. I was out for about a week from sports,” said Cooper Prawdzik, a Harvard University lacrosse player.

It’s an experience Prawdzik knows well. He played lacrosse, hockey, and football in high school, suffering two concussions along the way.

“I didn't ever have memory loss or any of that,” said Prawdzik. “It was just more of constant headaches for the next couple of days following.”

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion in any given sports season.

For the last 12 years, Dr. Bailes has been working with a team of scientists to see if they could create internal protection for the brain.

“It's spring-loaded with a special steel spring," described Dr. Bailes.

What they came up with is a $200 band that fits around the neck called the ‘Q-Collar.’ Q30, the company that makes the band, says the device works by putting about 1.2 pounds of pressure onto the athlete’s jugular vein.

“The pressure is here so that when you place it on, it approximates near the jugular vein, which is superficial, thin-walled,” explained Dr. Bailes.

Dr. Bailes says the collar puts a kink in that hose. As drainage slows capillaries around the brain fill up with an extra tablespoon of blood, which creates a cushion for the brain like bubble wrap.

“This is enough, apparently, to just raise the amount of blood inside capacitance vessels of the brain. It makes it a tighter fit. It eliminates the ability of it to move or shift,” he said.

A study from the FDA looking at athletes found 77% of those who wore the Q-Collar during a season of play showed MRIs with no significant changes in white matter regions of the brain. Meanwhile, 73% of those who did not wear the collar exhibited significant changes in those same deep brain tissues.

Earlier this year, the FDA cleared the collar for use in athletes aged 13 and up.

“I think that even just taking the extra step and wearing that piece of equipment is very, very worth it and can help you out in the long run,” said Cooper.

It’s already being used in hockey, football and soccer. And if all continues to go well, athletes could find a Q-Collar as common as a mouth guard.

'I felt dehumanized': A Black NC softball player says she was forced to cut off her hair beads

Updated: 9:56 PM EDT May 16, 2021

Video above: North Carolina student says she was forced to cut her braidsIt was her last home softball game of the season, and Nicole Pyles, a sophomore at Durham Hillside High School in North Carolina, had just hit a double. Her hair, braided with beads and tied in a bun at the bottom of her neck, was the last thing on her mind.It quickly, however, became a focal point of the April 19 game. First, a coach on the opposing team claimed they couldn't see her jersey number, Pyles said. Pyles, 16, said she tucked the braids into her sports bra and continued playing. But then, later that same inning, it came up again.A coach on the opposing team pointed out the beads to the umpire, Pyles said. Beads in hair, according to the rulebook, weren't permitted. So despite playing four prior games with the beads, the umpire gave Pyles a choice: Either take the beads out, or don't play."I asked why is this now an issue ... and he said it's a rule, there's nothing he can do," Pyles told CNN.So Pyles' said her teammates gathered around, attempting to take the beads out of the hair. Because they were wound so tightly, they had to cut some of the hair out in order to remove all the beads, Pyles said."I felt dehumanized," Pyles said.Now, Pyles' family is attempting to get the rule changed."Everyone's hiding behind the rules of the game," Julius Pyles, Pyles' father, told CNN. "If there was a rule, it should've been applied in the beginning, (not in) their last game."Rule is 'culturally biased and inappropriate,' school district saysPyles' experience is a familiar one.In one of the most famous examples, a Black high school wrestler in New Jersey was forced to cut his dreadlocks off in order to compete in a tournament, after being told his hair wasn't in compliance with league regulations.In 2020, another Black high school student was told that if he didn't cut his dreadlocks to comply with the district's dress code, he wouldn't be able to walk at graduation. And there have been similar incidents all across the country.Julius Pyles says he has reached out to multiple people with Durham Public Schools and the North Carolina High School Athletic Association. Though DPS has publicly supported Pyles, the NCHSAA has not. "Durham Public Schools supports our students' right to free expression and opposes unreasonable or biased restrictions on Black women's hairstyles," the district said in a statement Wednesday, regarding the April game. "We believe the blanket ban on hair beads is culturally biased and problematic. We support our student, Nicole Pyles, and believe this rule should be amended."The district went on to encourage the NCHSAA and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), of which NCHSAA is a member and thus dictating rules across North Carolina high school sports, to review the policy, calling it "culturally biased and inappropriate."Rule may be addressed next month, national organization saysBut Commissioner Que Tucker, of the NCHSAA, stated that the rule is "not new.""When the violation was noticed by an umpire, the proper determination of illegal equipment was verified as supported by NFHS Rule," she said in a statement to CNN. "Further, according to NFHS Softball Rule 3-5-1, prior to the start of a contest, it is the responsibility of each coach to verify to the plate umpire that all his or her players are legally equipped, and that players and equipment are in compliance with all NFHS rules."Tucker called the experience "truly unfortunate," but said the coach's duty is to ensure players are aware of the rules before playing.The rule regarding beads in hair was first enacted in 2012, according to Karissa Niehoff, executive director of the NFHS. It was instituted to "minimize the risk of injury" to athletes during competition, the organization said.Though the NFHS did not say if the rule would be amended, Niehoff did say the NFHS Softball Rules Committee will "address hair beads and other adornments at its annual meeting next month."The rule as it stands, though, is discriminatory, Julius Pyles said."It's 2021, and now my child is being a part of something that should be dead and gone. I didn't serve this country to then be discriminated against," said Julius Pyles, a veteran.

Video above: North Carolina student says she was forced to cut her braids

It was her last home softball game of the season, and Nicole Pyles, a sophomore at Durham Hillside High School in North Carolina, had just hit a double. Her hair, braided with beads and tied in a bun at the bottom of her neck, was the last thing on her mind.

It quickly, however, became a focal point of the April 19 game. First, a coach on the opposing team claimed they couldn't see her jersey number, Pyles said. Pyles, 16, said she tucked the braids into her sports bra and continued playing. But then, later that same inning, it came up again.

A coach on the opposing team pointed out the beads to the umpire, Pyles said. Beads in hair, according to the rulebook, weren't permitted. So despite playing four prior games with the beads, the umpire gave Pyles a choice: Either take the beads out, or don't play.

"I asked why is this now an issue ... and he said it's a rule, there's nothing he can do," Pyles told CNN.

Julius Pyles via WRAL

So Pyles' said her teammates gathered around, attempting to take the beads out of the hair. Because they were wound so tightly, they had to cut some of the hair out in order to remove all the beads, Pyles said.

"I felt dehumanized," Pyles said.

Now, Pyles' family is attempting to get the rule changed.

"Everyone's hiding behind the rules of the game," Julius Pyles, Pyles' father, told CNN. "If there was a rule, it should've been applied in the beginning, (not in) their last game."

Rule is 'culturally biased and inappropriate,' school district says

Pyles' experience is a familiar one.

In one of the most famous examples, a Black high school wrestler in New Jersey was forced to cut his dreadlocks off in order to compete in a tournament, after being told his hair wasn't in compliance with league regulations.

In 2020, another Black high school student was told that if he didn't cut his dreadlocks to comply with the district's dress code, he wouldn't be able to walk at graduation. And there have been similar incidents all across the country.

Julius Pyles says he has reached out to multiple people with Durham Public Schools and the North Carolina High School Athletic Association. Though DPS has publicly supported Pyles, the NCHSAA has not.

"Durham Public Schools supports our students' right to free expression and opposes unreasonable or biased restrictions on Black women's hairstyles," the district said in a statement Wednesday, regarding the April game. "We believe the blanket ban on hair beads is culturally biased and problematic. We support our student, Nicole Pyles, and believe this rule should be amended."

The district went on to encourage the NCHSAA and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), of which NCHSAA is a member and thus dictating rules across North Carolina high school sports, to review the policy, calling it "culturally biased and inappropriate."

Rule may be addressed next month, national organization says

But Commissioner Que Tucker, of the NCHSAA, stated that the rule is "not new."

"When the violation was noticed by an umpire, the proper determination of illegal equipment was verified as supported by NFHS Rule," she said in a statement to CNN. "Further, according to NFHS Softball Rule 3-5-1, prior to the start of a contest, it is the responsibility of each coach to verify to the plate umpire that all his or her players are legally equipped, and that players and equipment are in compliance with all NFHS rules."

Tucker called the experience "truly unfortunate," but said the coach's duty is to ensure players are aware of the rules before playing.

The rule regarding beads in hair was first enacted in 2012, according to Karissa Niehoff, executive director of the NFHS. It was instituted to "minimize the risk of injury" to athletes during competition, the organization said.

Though the NFHS did not say if the rule would be amended, Niehoff did say the NFHS Softball Rules Committee will "address hair beads and other adornments at its annual meeting next month."

The rule as it stands, though, is discriminatory, Julius Pyles said.

"It's 2021, and now my child is being a part of something that should be dead and gone. I didn't serve this country to then be discriminated against," said Julius Pyles, a veteran.